Guinea-Bissau Votes on Presidential System Shift

Voters in Guinea-Bissau participated in a nationwide referendum on Sunday to decide whether to change the country's governance structure from a parliamentary to a presidential system. The interim military administration, which has championed this constitutional amendment, sees the vote as a crucial step in strengthening state institutions. Early reports indicated a voter turnout exceeding 55 percent across the nation as ballot counting began shortly after polls closed.

This referendum is part of the military government's broader strategy to establish a more robust political framework before general elections scheduled for December 6. The proposed constitutional changes aim to centralize executive power, explicitly granting the president the authority to appoint and dismiss the prime minister and dissolve parliament. Proponents argue that this consolidation of power is essential to alleviate the persistent power-sharing disputes that have historically contributed to political instability in the West African nation.

Rationale for Constitutional Reforms

General Horta Inta-A Na Man, who leads the current military government, has stated that these reforms are vital to ensure that future civilian administrations can complete their terms without being hindered by legislative gridlock or internal political conflict. The argument presented is that a stronger presidential system will provide enhanced stability and continuity in governance, facilitating more effective policy implementation and reducing political volatility.

The referendum follows a military coup that occurred in November 2025. This intervention by the military took place amid an unresolved and disputed presidential election, underscoring the deep-seated political divisions and institutional vulnerabilities within Guinea-Bissau. The military's subsequent commitment to restoring civilian rule through a reformed constitutional framework and scheduled elections is intended to address these foundational issues and pave the way for a more stable future.

Referendum Process and Anticipated Results

Officials from the Electoral Commission reported that the voting process on Sunday proceeded without any significant disruptions or major incidents, lending legitimacy to the electoral exercise. Although ballot counting is still underway, the full results are expected to be officially announced by Tuesday of the current week. The outcome of this referendum holds significant implications for Guinea-Bissau, as it will establish the fundamental governance framework for the upcoming December elections.

These December elections are intended to mark the full restoration of civilian, democratic rule following the period of military administration. Should the transition to a presidential system be approved, it could profoundly reshape the political landscape and the balance of power within the country for many years ahead, impacting its trajectory towards sustained stability and democratic governance.